David and the Holy Bread

As many who have followed me for a bit, I have fallen into the Psalms, and I can’t get up! (As if I would want to.) The Psalms are a majestic collection of poetry, of heart felt human experiences that constantly challenge me in my own frail attempt to follow the true King. As many of the Psalms are written by David, my study on the Psalms has spurred me on to looking at the life of David, is the main contributor to this book, and to follow the victories and tragedies of the shepherd King of Israel.

Many times in the narrative, we will see the Lord Jesus, imperfectly, yet a reflection of His spirit in a man with weaknesses.

1 Samuel 21:1-6
1 Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And Ahimelech came to meet David, trembling, and said to him, “Why are you alone, and no one with you?”
2 And David said to Ahimelech the priest, “The king has charged me with a matter and said to me, ‘Let no one know anything of the matter about which I send you, and with which I have charged you.’ I have made an appointment with the young men for such and such a place.
3 Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever is here.”
4 And the priest answered David, “I have no common bread on hand, but there is holy bread – if the young men have kept themselves from women.”
5 And David answered the priest, “Truly women have been kept from us as always when I go on an expedition. The vessels of the young men are holy even when it is an ordinary journey. How much more today will their vessels be holy?”
6 So the priest gave him the holy bread, for there was no bread there but the bread of the Presence, which is removed from before the LORD, to be replaced by hot bread on the day it is taken away.

For the remainder of the book of 1 Samuel, David is a hunted man, on the run, constantly looking over his shoulder. He does gather a small militia in his travels, and becomes a military force in his wandering, but for this passage, David is unfed, unarmed, unprepared, unable to plan and unwilling to speak the truth to a man of God. David begins a life of running, a life of seeking to simply survive!

Deceit

David, by this time in his career with the royal house of Israel, had attained a position that afforded him a company of soldiers with him as he was sent by the king on missions. He was no mere singular soldier. This is the background that Ahimelech understood when he saw David that fateful day. Based on this understanding, for David to be alone, without soldiers accompanying him was suspicious.

When Ahimelech came to David trembling, my first understanding was that Ahimelech was trembling. Of that I am not sure, for Ahimelech had no cause to tremble, but David had just begun a life of running, of hiding from the king, of living with one foot in the grave, not knowing who he could trust. I suggest David was not only alone, but was also trembling, possibly looking rough from three days of hiding in the rocks, waiting for Jonathon.

I have recently posted on Psalm 64, and noticed that David had learned an important lesson on spiritual warfare. In that particulat Psalm, David prayed that he would be preserved from the dread/fear of the enemy. David had not learned that yet, as he was running based on knowledge granted from Jonathon, but also out of fear. He had no knowledge of the extent Saul would go to snuff him out. no knowledge of the web of spies about him. He would soon find out of the extent of Saul’s hatred!

At this time, he was running somewhat blind, and his first stop on his long period of running was at the tabernacle. He has said farewell to his best friend and confidant Jonathon, and now he visits the tabernacle, the house of God, for what most likely will be the last time for the foreseeable future.

And he lies. He uses deceit with the priest to get food and a weapon. He openly lies, not in the corner of the tabernacle so that only the priest understands his predicament, but he openly states he is on a secret mission, with soldiers meeting him in a rendezvous location.

This lie will come back to haunt David, and will expose the commitment of Saul’s hatred towards David. It will also show David that this life of running will impact more than his own existence! No man is an island.

Bread

David’s first request (or demand) of the priest was for sustenance, for any food that he may have. Had David been without food during his time waiting for Jonathon’s return? His need of food speaks of his unprepared condition to enter into a life of being a fugitive. No one, neither David or Jonathon seemed to consider this possible situation.

Ahimelech had one condition of supplying the show bread to David. Sexual abstinence. For this condition to be met, David had no problem, for he was away from family, seeking to find hiding from the powers that be. A woman was the last thing he could afford at this time. As for the soldiers that he claimed to be meeting, the women were as real as the soldiers were. One more lie shouldn’t matter!

But consider the Lord in His reflection of David’s situation at the tabernacle. David had obviously lied to the priest of God, and yet Jesus commended Ahimelech.

Matthew 12:3 He said to them, “Have you not read what David did when he was hungry, and those who were with him:
Matthew 12:4 how he entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him to eat nor for those who were with him, but only for the priests?
Matthew 12:7 And if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you would not have condemned the guiltless.

I don’t see Jesus commending David, but Ahimelech in the actions he took in providing David food of the tabernacle. I understand the guiltless to be Ahimelech in this story, for he had no knowledge of the current situation, trusted a man who was a faithful Israeli, and provided a need instead of simply following a dogma or religious rule. After all, though the Word does state that the priests are to consume the holy bread, it does not say only the priests are to consume it. This may have given Ahimelech the allowance to provide David the food without conflict. Ahimelech was a man driven by love and not strictly law in this act.

Leviticus 24:9 And it shall be for Aaron and his sons, and they shall eat it in a holy place, since it is for him a most holy portion out of the LORD’s food offerings, a perpetual due.”

An important principle is provided in this passage. God desires mercy and not sacrifice. He desires we take care of those who are in need, above and beyond the religious duties laid out in the Word.

How does that work out in your life? Are you committed to a religious process over the needs of others? I know for myself it is much easier to think God wants church attendance over helping someone on a Sunday morning.

In this passage, David lies, and Ahimelech shows mercy. David gets sustenance and Ahimelech has visitors a few days later. It may be surprising to find out who is the protected party, which of the two men are delivered from the hand of the king!

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